VL53L0X NIR laser time-of-flight distance sensor with cover

These distance sensors are pretty nice, but most are sold without a protective cover and the makeshift glass or tape covers I tried did interfere with the ranging to some extent. This could be okay with some recalibration of the distance measurements, although for cases of significant interference, e.g. thicker glass tested, the unit would no longer be able to do longer ranges > 1 meter at all. In the end I found this unit that is very affordable and comes with a nice cover that causes minimal interference.

Hummingbird nectar recipe by weight (grams)

Online resources say 1:4 sugar to water ratio by volume. This translates to about 1:5 by weight

To be more precise: 0.25 cups sugar is 48 g, 1 cup water is 237 g, so the ratio is 1:4.9375 or 0.2025:1 or 16.8% sugar by weight. For my small feeder, I do 30 g sugar to 150 g water.

Remember to use only refined white sugar. Online resources say that substitutes (e.g. organic sugar that is a bit darker) may be bad for the birds.